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The process of selecting a subset of items from a population in auditing is termed sampling. Sampling is a fundamental technique that auditors use to evaluate a large set of data by assessing a portion of it. This allows them to draw conclusions about the entire population without needing to review each individual item, which can be time-consuming and impractical.

By using sampling, auditors can gather evidence regarding the accuracy and validity of financial statements or compliance with relevant regulations. The choice of items selected for sampling can significantly affect the outcomes and conclusions drawn from the audit, making it essential for auditors to apply appropriate sampling methods and ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

In the context of auditing practice, the other terms—testing, surveying, and examining—do not specifically refer to the act of selecting a subset. Testing refers more broadly to the procedures performed to assess the effectiveness of controls or the correctness of transactions. Surveying generally pertains to gathering information or opinions, often through questionnaires, while examining tends to refer to a thorough inspection of records or financial information. Thus, the specific term sampling is the accurate descriptor for this essential audit practice.