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Investing in client assets constitutes a violation of independence because it creates a potential for a conflict of interest. When a CPA or firm has a financial interest in a client, it can influence the objectivity and impartiality that is fundamental to the accounting profession. Such an investment can lead to situations where the CPA’s judgment is compromised, particularly when auditing or providing assurance services to that client. Independence is essential to maintaining public trust, and any financial relationship that could be perceived as influencing the auditor's behavior undermines that trust.

Peer review monitoring does not impact independence in the same manner, as it is a process to ensure adherence to professional standards rather than a financial interest. Consulting for clients without payment also does not create a direct financial interest that would threaten independence. Lastly, being a member of professional organizations generally does not affect independence, as these affiliations are not indicative of a direct financial interest in a client's well-being or success.